Saturday, November 3, 2012

The North India Hotspots are increasing with All India Dam Capacity

The hotspot cluster in North India near the Himalayas is increasing with All India Dam Capacity.
R. Ashok Kumar,B.E.,M.E(Power), Negentropist, Bombay Sarvodaya Mandal, 299, Tardeo Road, Nana Chowk, Mumbai-
400007
3 November 2012.
© 2012 Ramaswami Ashok Kumar
The hotspot cluster’s count of number of hotspots increases in direct proportion to dam capacity(Fig 1):
r = 0.916,df=11 and p = 1.11E-5 for the years 2000-2012 for the 48 hour period from 31 October to 2 November. For a longer period 20th October to 5 November also the correlation is highly significant: See Fig.2: r = 0.78, df=11, p = 0.000166.
The count of the number of hotspots(hs) were obtained from the NASA Web Fire Mapper while the annual dam capacity in million cubic meters(MCM) was obtained from the data provided by the World Commission on Dams. See the North India cluster selected in the Web Fire Map below:
Table 1 gives the data for the 2000-2012 All-India annual dam capacity and the corresponding number of hotspots as detailed above.
It may be seen that the relation of the number of hotspots increasing with All India annual dam capacity is extremely significant( r = 0.916, df = 11, p = 1.11E-5).









So expect an earthquake or an earthquake related event here or somewhere in the same longitude band or in related longitude bands: -75, 15, -15, 105,-105, 165,-165 when the dynamic disequilibrium of the dams reaches chaotic proportions. I predict such an event to occur in November 2012. The Pacific Rim and the Andaman NSumatra Bay are also under threat.
This once again confirms the nuclear effect of dams in destabilising infrastructures like the foundations of nuclear stations.
Ref: R. Ashok Kumar.2005. Earthquakes Caused By Dams at
http://earthquakescausedbydams.blogspot.in

Friday, April 13, 2012

Close the nukes, they are subject to beyond design basis situations frequently.

The Mortal Danger of Nuclear Reactors Exploding by Surge Waves from the World’s Dams: A Realistic Scenario.

By R. Ashok Kumar, B.E.,M.E(Power), Negentropist,. Bombay Sarvodaya Mandal, 299,
Tardeo Road, Nana Chowk, Mumbai-400007.
© 2014 Ramaswami Ashok Kumar

Modern civilization(mc) meets its needs of water for electricity and other uses by dams. At the centres of gravity of clusters of dams worldwide, these demands are translated into instantaneous changes in dam contents which result in sudden surges of pressure changes amounting to hundreds of kilometers per second of water pressure head every day. This results in surges of Love and Rayleigh waves to travel through the crust of the earth which cause sudden surges of stresses at points on the earth fortuitiously offering fulcra to such waves resulting in the heating up of rocks and their melting causing earthquakes.This is superimposed on the archimedean lever effect of the total reservoir contents forever applied at the centers of gravity of clusters of dams worldwide. The sudden heating up of the earth by dams are causing temperatures to increase in waves throughout the earth’s crust resulting in flash floods by rains induced by hurricanes/cyclones on a regular basis and huge surge waves of pressure changes at the centers of gravity of the dam clusters. When the earthquake is about to occur at a point, all the bending moments applied by all the dams of the world appear in waves at this point, with the stress creating moments vanishing at other points where the dams’ moments were previously distributed. Just after the earthquake a violent transfer of all the total giant water moments and forces takes place to fulcra in the earth and earthquakes or related events may occur(witness the plethora of quakes(so called aftershocks), avalanches, mine collapses, enormous heating of the earth and buildings and equipment and life set ablaze.
Applying the precautionary principle, we can describe a scenario realistically possible after for example, the twin great quakes of 8.7 and 8.2 moment magnitude that took place on 11th April 2012, just a couple of hours apart of each other. The 8.7 MM earthquake released a seismic moment of 1122 x 10^19.05 N-m. Thus the total stress at the focal point which caused this quake was 5610 x 10^19.05 N-m(Reference 2). This stress was caused by the dams of the world acting at location with Latitude 25,Longitude 125(Reference 1). The distance from this location to the 8.7 MM quake of the West coast of Northern Sumatra at (2.311, 93.063) is 4248 Km. The corresponding dam content change which caused this quake was 1510 billion cubic meters(bcm). As soon as this quake occurred a swarm of huge damage causing quakes occurred in the vicinity including an 8.2 MM quake. During these transients a fleeting transfer of the entire water moment exerted by the dam content changes at the center of gravity of the world’s dams at 25,125 may be felt at Kudankulam and, or Kalpakkam and the result may be catastrophic quake-related damages to the facilities. The distance from 25,125 to Kudankulam at 8.1798, 77.7051 is 5339 km.
At 1000 bcm change in world’s dam contents(Total capacity 7650 bcm), the bending moment exerted at Kudankulam would be 4668 x 10^19.05 N-m which even at 75% attenuation would result in a great quake at Kudankulam. Without dam effects, such a result has not happened in the past except for human errors(design and operation) as at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Narora. As already told above, such a mighty force need not result in an earthquake, but may nevertheless cause a nuclear explosion. These dynamics are beyond design basis of the reactors today. But the effects have already occurred at Kashiwasaki Kariwa and ongoing at Fukushima and recently at the French Nuclear plant at Penly where the pump was damaged and fires broke out after an earthquake in the vicinity.
There is no question of designing reactors for such huge effects. Shut them down now.And who is the genius who designed such contraptions without a dump for their wastes?

The risk is brought out by the Figure GL above which depicts the trend of great earthquakes in 4
hydrological years 2008 to 2011.
In this figure, the ordinate is the daily peak magnitude earthquake’s seismic moment magnitude, value x
10^19.05 N-m, while the abscissa denotes the daily change in the Total Reservoir Contents of 30
Indian Dams with a combined capacity of 238 Billion Cubic Meters(BCM). The trend shows that
beyond 16 to 20 BCM Total Daily Reservoir Content Change, a great earthquake may occur with a
peak magnitude of 8.9 to 9MM or more.

The Croatians who are testing the Kudankulam reactor NON-DESTRUCTIVELY seem to be worried as they are having, it seems, a good look at the glaring lacuna posed by dams in the design to meet water needs of modern civilization.

References:
1.Predicting Earthquakes at http://predictingquakes.blogspot.in
2.Earthquakes caused by dams at http://earthquakescausedbydams.blogspot.in
3.Glaring lacuna in meeting water needs:Nuclear Effect in Causing Earthquakes at 
http://glaringlacuna.blogspot.in/2012/01/nuclear-effect-in-causing-earthquakes.html
4. Unit 4 at Fukushima corresponds to such a phenomenon:
http://enenews.com/book-reactor-no-4-deformed-in-front-of-our-eyes-says-fukushima-worker-walls-morphed-like-special-effects-from-movie-no-large-explosion-yet-building-destroyed


Monday, January 9, 2012

The Nuclear Effect in Causing Earthquakes

Great Earthquakes in the New Millennium 2000 and after
304 days after
9.0 MM 11 March 2011 Tohoku Genpatsu Shinsai Earthquake contrasted with 304 days after 2004 26 December 9.3 MM Banda Aceh Earthquake .

R. Ashok Kumar, B.E., M.E(Power), Negentropist, Bombay Sarvodaya Mandal, 299, Tardeo Road, Nana Chowk, Mumbai-400007.

© 2013 Ramaswami Ashok Kumar

Abstract
After the 304 days ending 8th January 2012, the Genpatsu-shinsai Tohoku 9.0 MM earthquake 156 km away from the Fukushima Daichi or Fukushima No 1 nuclear plant which resulted in nuclear explosion, 3 core meltdowns and core melt through the containment(s) and persistent recriticality, is 175% more intense as measured by the number of earthquakes per day(shallow or all) than the Banda Aceh 9.3 MM earthquake compared 304 days after. Note that the 304 day period for the Banda Aceh earthquake includes the 8.6 MM Northern Sumatra earthquake of 28th March 2005. All were shallow earthquakes.
In a little over 37 years 8122 shallow earthquakes occurred 400 km around Fukushima 1 nuclear power park from 1973 till 10 March 2011. It took just 304 days, that well under an year, short by 61 days to produce 4226 shallow earthquakes around the same park after the 9.0 MM great Tohoku earthquake:




The statistical interpretation
When we compare the populations of the two earthquake sets prior to the 9.3/9.0 great earthquakes, from 1/1/1973, they belong to the same population(F test probability 41 percent). Comparing them after the respective earthquakes but both for 304 days( for Tohoku 304 days ends on 8th January 2012 and for the Banda Aceh on 26th October 2005), the populations are radically different,p=1.92E-9.
See Table 1FB:

See Table 2FB:
The data in Table 2FB compares the dynamics of the two earthquake sets 400 km around the two earthquakes.
There is heightened quake activity after the great earthquakes, more than an order of magnitude per day compared with before the great quakes. Also for the Banda Aceh and Northern Sumatra quakes after 304 days after the Banda Aceh quake the number of earthquakes per day for the 0-69 km depth set is nearly two orders of magnitude higher(>95 times) than before the great Banda Aceh quake. Still the Tohoku quakes per day for the 0-69 km depth case after the great quake is nearly 175% higher than for the Banda Aceh set!


The cause for the great increase in earthquake activity in the Tohoku case: A plausible hypothesis based on the ground realities.
The reason for the much greater increase in the Tohoku case compared with the Banda Aceh case lies in the interconnected dynamics of dams and earthquake occurrence. As shown in Ref 1 earthquakes are caused by dams. And as shown in Ref 2 and Ref 3 hotspots and earthquakes are interconnected. The surges of forces at the centers of gravity of dam clusters the world over in response to terrific sudden electric load demands and other consumptive uses result in waves of water moments which pass through the crust of the earth and encounter points of resistance on the earth. The hotspots are thus created by friction between earth surfaces. The enormous heat developed underneath the Fukushima reactors by meltdowns, melt throughs, the nuclear explosion, the recriticalities and the Genpatsu-shinsai effect facilitate the enormous melting of the rocks resulting in intense shallow earthquake clusters even 300 days into the ongoing Fukushima catastrophe.

A piece of Fukushima Daichi # 1 nuclear plant evidence for the hypothesis.

Together with evidence of earthquakes caused by dams(Ref 1) and nuclear underground explosion(Ref 7) the evidence together with iodine-131 trails over Europa builds one credible picture of the ongoing Fukushima chaos as of date. On 21 October 2011 water withdrawal from 30 Indian dams alone accounted for 16.95533 billion cubic meters(bcm), which easily caused a 7.4 MM major earthquake on 2011,10,21 at 175716.1 UTC at -28.993,-176.238, at a depth of 33km, 18 minutes into the nuclear explosion underneath Fukushima(See web cam data at Ref 7) at 1738 UTC on 21 October 2011. This earthquake is 12606 km away from the center of gravity of Indian dams at 23, 78.75. This earthquake could have been aided by the tremendous force of the nuclear explosion,caused perhaps by the water moment due to the 16.95533 bcm cumulative change in water content equivalent to the seismic moment release of a 7.5 MM major earthquake underneath Fukushima on 21 october 2011, as data on underground nuclear explosions by the nuclear powers followed by big earthquakes unambiguously show(example Ref 6). The seismic energy equivalent to seismic moment corresponding to a 7.5 MM earthquake is 11.12x10^15 Joules or 2.68 Megatonne TNT nuclear explosion(Ref 1a.Turcotte(2002),Ref 2a. wikipedia,TNT equivalent). What was the explosive energy release of the nuclear explosion at Fukushima Daichi 1 nuclear park?It would therefore be informative to compare this with the nuke explosion yields at Fukushima Daichi 1 from time to time. The 9.0 MM quake on March 11 2011 occurred 156 km away. But through the fault a significant energy amount would have struck the parks 1 and 2 at least? The 9 MM Tohoku quake would have released an equivalent to 477 Mt TNT nuclear weapon energy at the epicenter. The power of the same energy release in such a nuclear weapon is about 2 x 10^18 megawatts(See Ref 3a)! 300 billion times the present worldwide electrical capacity !
Ref:
1a.Turcotte D.L et al. 2002. Geodynamics.2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press. p 354.
Energy released in waves by an earthquake,Es(Joules) of magnitude MM is given by
Es=10^(1.5MM+4.8) Joules.

2a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT_equivalent

3a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design

A one Megaton TNT equivalent nuclear explosion releases energy of 4.184 x 10^15 Joules.

How was the earthquake moment magnitude equivalent of 7.5 MM release calculated for the dynamic archimedean lever effect underneath Fukushima Daichi #1 nuclear park?
See Reference 1 below.
The All India 30 dam total water content change registered on 21 October 2011 is a lowering of 16.95533 bcm. The centre of gravity of the Indian dams is at 23, 78.75. And the distance to Fukushima Daichi #1 park located at 37.423,141.033 is 6081 km. The approximate water moment exerted in Newton meters is given by Force in Newtons x distance in meters. Thus the water moment(WM) exerted is
WM=16.95533bcm x 10^9 cm x 1000 kgs x 9.81 m/sec^2 Newtons x 6081m= 90.3577 x 10^19.05 Nm.
As shown in Ref 1 and as empirically determined about 20 percent of this maximum stress developed in the rocks appears as seismic moment(SM) of an earthquake at the Fukushima Daichi #1 Park. This is about 18 x10^19.05 Nm. From the relation
Moment Magnitude= (log10(SM) + 10)/1.5 MM
we get the moment magnitude to be 7.5, as the plausible equivalent synergistic effect of the surge underneath the plant.

From these discussions we can see how on 23 October 2011, the 7.1 MM quake came to occur at Van, Eastern Turkey. The dynamics are such that the dams exert from their centre of gravity archimedean lever bending moments all round the centre of gravity. Thus when the 7.4 MM earthquake occurred on 21 October, the bending moments exerted all round redistributed themselves and together with the effect of the change in dam contents exerted a significantly strong bending moment surge at Van. In the process the rock at Van failed and resulted in a major earthquake. Note that Van is near the Yeravan Nuclear Park in Armenia.

And gasp at the December 5 2011 occurrence at Fukushima Daichi#1(Unit No 3) as narrated at:
http://enenews.com/sickened-fukushima-author-concrete-parts-spent-fuel-pool-4-dropping-ground-source/comment-page-1#comment-184931

Ramaswami Kumar
@NoNukes
January 10, 2012 at 4:40 pm · Reply
“On Dec. 5 PST, there was a flash that illuminated the entire sky on the webcam, I think it was Johnny Blade (where have you been?) who saw it, too. I crossed my fingers and hoped for lightening, but when the cam came back on, part of the reactor(3) was missing.”(3 in brackets I added).
From what I have derived for 20,21 and 23 October 2011(See
http://glaringlacuna.blogspot.com/ ),it is not all surprising what you describe to have actually happened. First on 5th December 2011 at 010112 a 5.1 MM moment magnitude earthquake shook Fukushima nuclear parks 1 and 2, the epicenter being 156 km(the same distance to the 9.0 MM Tohoku quake on March 11, 2011)from Fukushima Daichi#1 plant. And on this day there was an enormous change in India 30 dam total contents of 11591.54 million cubic meters corresponding to an equivalent earthquake underneath Fukushima Daichi # 1 of 7.4 MM!
And the January 2012 story is just beginning, we caught the 9-10 Jan saga:
And a strong earthquake on the Pacific Rim on the 10th January 2012 (UTC!):
6.6 2012/01/09 04:07:17 -10.557 165.160 38.9 SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS
Followed by two earthquakes near Fukushima Daichi 1:
4.7 2012/01/09 08:50:15 36.676 141.526 40.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
MAP 4.7 2012/01/09 07:10:46 36.630 141.572 33.9 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
The other earthquakes on the Pacific Rim on this day:
5.1 2012/01/09 21:30:57 -32.548 -71.309 59.3 VALPARAISO, CHILE
MAP 3.0 2012/01/09 20:58:01 53.174 -161.525 27.5 SOUTH OF ALASKA
MAP 2.6 2012/01/09 20:42:06 53.462 -165.173 25.5 FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA
MAP 5.1 2012/01/09 20:13:10 -0.736 133.172 32.8 NEAR THE NORTH COAST OF PAPUA, INDONESIA
2.7 2012/01/09 17:56:06 60.065 -152.809 100.9 SOUTHERN ALASKA
MAP 5.0 2012/01/09 17:45:35 -10.572 165.056 47.8 SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS
MAP 2.5 2012/01/09 17:02:16 35.730 -121.298 6.6 CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
MAP 3.1 2012/01/09 13:47:59 58.066 -138.640 20.5 SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA
4.1 2012/01/09 10:54:01 14.851 -92.941 58.6 OFFSHORE CHIAPAS, MEXICO
MAP 4.7 2012/01/09 10:35:45 -0.086 123.154 142.6 SULAWESI, INDONESIA
MAP 2.8 2012/01/09 09:23:04 57.114 -155.321 34.9 ALASKA PENINSULA
4.6 2012/01/09 06:33:02 -29.685 -176.163 49.2 KERMADEC ISLANDS REGION
MAP 2.5 2012/01/09 06:10:07 52.341 -168.803 22.3 FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA
4.8 2012/01/09 03:44:44 -25.125 -179.098 345.2 SOUTH OF THE FIJI ISLANDS
5.0 2012/01/09 02:38:07 -29.588 -176.134 36.7 KERMADEC ISLANDS REGION
MAP 2.5 2012/01/09 01:04:09 67.644 -158.731 17.0 NORTHERN ALASKA
And the west side story (other side of the center of gravity of the India-China dams):5.2 2012/01/09 19:53:37 27.135 55.603 15.0 SOUTHERN IRAN. Da zwischen, the surges of the archimedean lever effect of the world's dams hit FD#1's 3&4!
See the web cam disc(enenews.com,dec14 to the present,Jan13 2012...):
xdrfox
Was that Flame explosion we saw as the crane begain to turn on the 9th ? Need to check see !
James2
January 9, 2012 at 11:34 am · Reply
30 foot flames out of #4 SFP now.
Visible on even the real fuzzy JNN cam view right now
Look for the horizontal white bar that the men were walking on the the other day. Look about 1/4 from the right end of this bar. Just underneath the bar at this point is the pool.
you’ll see active flames going above the bar – you can’t miss them.
I can even see it easily in the wide view without zooming.
~~~
James2
January 9, 2012 at 11:10 pm · Reply
I’m looking at the tepcocam view Wotcha posts above.
Zoom in on reactor #3 right now – it looks like an open blast furnace coming from the other end – SFP area.
And the smoke – holy moly this is bad…
~~~
James2
January 9, 2012 at 11:17 pm · Reply
HOLY CRAP – LOOK AT #4. YOU CAN SEE THE FLAMES FROM THE OTHER END OF THE COMPLEX HIGH ABOVE THE #4 REACTOR BUILDING ON TEPCOCAM.
THEY LOOK TO BE 100 FEET HIGHER THAN THE BUILDING. THEY’RE MIXED IN WITH THE CRANE BOOM AND TO THE RIGHT OF IT.
As much as I’ve seen in the past 10 months – this is the first time I’m feeling sick to my stomach looking at something…

References.
1. Earthquakes Caused by Dams. R. Ashok Kumar 2005. At
http://earthquakescausedbydams.blogspot.com
2. Dams,cyclones and earthquakes interconnected. 2008. R. Ashok Kumar at
http://damsequakescyclones.blogspot.com/

3. Predicting Earthquakes. R. Ashok Kumar. 2005. At
http://predictingquakes.blogspot.com/2006/08/possible-dates-of-occurrence-of-major.html

4. Glaring Lacuna in meeting water needs. R. Ashok Kumar. 2011. At
http://glaringlacuna.blogspot.com/
5. Collaterals of Climate Change. R. Ashok Kumar. 2008. At
http://collateralsofclimatechange.blogspot.com/

6.TL: NUCLEAR FLASHBACK - THE RETURN TO AMCHITKA
SO: PAM MILLER WITH NORMAN BUSKE, SCIENCE ADVISER, GREENPEACE
USA, (GP)
DT: OCTOBER 30, 1996 at
http://www.skeptictank.org/treasure/GP3/NFTOT.TXT

7. Tweets from Fukushima-area say recent quakes feel different than usual
07:27 AM EDT on January 9th, 2012 | 78 comments at
http://enenews.com/tweets-fukushima-area-recent-quakes-feel-different-usual-like-exploding-underground and
http://enenews.com/tweets-fukushima-area-recent-quakes-feel-different-usual-like-exploding-underground/comment-page-1#comment-183663